Thyroid disorders constitute a major component of endocrine disease and demonstrate considerable variation in clinical and histopathological patterns. This study evaluated the clinicopathological spectrum of thyroid lesions at a North Indian tertiary center and compared the observed demographic and morphological trends with published Indian data. A retrospective audit of 117 thyroidectomy and lobectomy specimens managed between January 2020 and December 2024 was performed. Demographic profile, histological subtype, lesion size, and laterality were recorded. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square testing were used, with P < 0.05 considered statistically significant. The mean patient age was 48.4 ± 13.2 years (range, 17–78 years), with a marked female predominance (79.5%). Benign lesions accounted for 94 cases (80.3%), with multinodular goitre being the most frequent lesion (45.3% of all specimens), followed by colloid goitre (20.5%), chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (8.5%), and follicular adenoma (6.0%). Twenty-three lesions (19.7%) were malignant. Papillary thyroid carcinoma predominated (20/23; 87%), followed by follicular carcinoma (9%) and medullary carcinoma (4%). Malignancy was significantly associated with age >45 years (P = 0.03) and showed a mild female predominance (P = 0.04). The mean tumor size among malignant lesions was 5.1 cm. Multinodular goitre remains the most common thyroid lesion in this North Indian tertiary-care cohort, while papillary thyroid carcinoma is the predominant malignancy. The relatively high malignancy proportion and larger tumor size compared with Western series may reflect delayed presentation and emphasize the importance of early evaluation, awareness, and appropriate referral of thyroid disease.

Sudeepta Bhattacharya is a postgraduate trainee in General Surgery at Maharaja Agrasen Hospital, New Delhi, India, with a keen academic and clinical interest in endocrine and thyroid surgery. His areas of interest include thyroid and parathyroid disorders, endocrine surgical pathology, surgical oncology, and the clinicopathological correlation of endocrine diseases. He has been actively involved in clinical research and academic work in thyroid and parathyroid surgery, with particular emphasis on understanding disease patterns, improving diagnostic evaluation, and optimizing surgical care. His work has been presented and published in peer-reviewed academic forums, reflecting his interest in evidence-based surgery and clinically relevant research. He aims to pursue advanced training in surgical oncology and endocrine-related surgical practice.